Cython () is a programming language, a (non-strict, at least for Python 3) superset of the Python programming language (with slightly different semantics), designed to give C-like performance with code that is written mostly in Python with optional additional C-inspired syntax.Cython is a compiled language that is typically used to generate CPython extension modules. Annotated Python-like code is compiled to C (also usable from e.g. C++) then automatically wrapped in interface code, producing extension modules that can be loaded and used by regular Python code using the import statement, but with significantly less computational overhead at run time. Cython also facilitates wrapping independent C or C++ code into python-importable modules. Cython is written in Python and C and works on Windows, macOS, and Linux, producing C source files compatible with CPython 2.6, 2.7, and 3.3 and later versions. The Cython source code that Cython compiles (to C) can use both Python 2 and Python 3 syntax, defaulting to Python 2 syntax in Cython 0.x (and Python 3 syntax in Cython 3.x, which is currently alpha software). The default...

Pyrex is a programming language for creating Python modules. Its syntax is very close to Python and it makes it easy for Python programmers to write non-Python supporting code for interfacing modules in a language which is as close to Python as possible. Python itself only provides a C API to write extension modules, which allows writing of functions and datatypes in C. These can then be accessed from Python. It is possible to wrap the functions and datatypes of existing C libraries as Python objects and therefore make them available to Python.Pyrex allows the user to write extension modules in a Python-like language which may directly access the external C code. The similarity of Pyrex's syntax to Python's makes it easy to write Python modules, but there are some functional limitations. The programmer must specify the name of C-header files, enumerations, datatypes and functions needing to be accessed in the module, then they can be used as if they were Python objects. The Pyrex compiler will generate the necessary glue code automatically and compile the Pyrex code into a working Python module.There are tools like SWIG or...

Rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language that emphasizes performance, type safety, and concurrency. It enforces memory safety—ensuring that all references point to valid memory—without requiring the use of a garbage collector or reference counting present in other memory-safe languages. To simultaneously enforce memory safety and prevent concurrent data races, its "borrow checker" tracks the object lifetime of all references in a program during compilation. Rust borrows ideas from functional programming, including static types, immutability, higher-order functions, and algebraic data types. It is popularized for systems programming.Software developer Graydon Hoare created Rust as a personal project while working at Mozilla Research in 2006. Mozilla officially sponsored the project in 2009. Since the first stable release in May 2015, Rust has been adopted by companies including Amazon, Discord, Dropbox, Facebook (Meta), Google (Alphabet), and Microsoft. In December 2022, it became the first language other than C and assembly to be supported in the development of the Linux kernel. Rust has been noted for its...

The conditional operator is supported in many programming languages. This term usually refers to ?: as in C, C++, C#, and JavaScript. However, in Java, this term can also refer to && and ||. && and || In some programming languages, e.g. Java, the term conditional operator refers to short circuit boolean operators && and ||. The second expression is evaluated only when the first expression is not sufficient to determine the value of the whole expression. Difference from bitwise operator & and | are bitwise operators that occur in many programming languages. The major difference is that bitwise operations operate on the individual bits of a binary numeral, whereas conditional operators operate on logical operations. Additionally, expressions before and after a bitwise operator are always evaluated. If expression 1 is true, expressions 2 and 3 are NOT checked. This checks expressions...

Pure may refer to: Computing A pure function A pure virtual function PureSystems, a family of computer systems introduced by IBM in 2012 Pure Software, a company founded in 1991 by Reed Hastings to support the Purify tool Pure-FTPd, FTP server software Pure (programming language), functional programming language based on term rewriting Pure Storage, a company that makes datacenter storage solutions Pure (CRIS), a research information system bought by Elsevier.Companies and products Pure (app), dating app Pure (restaurant chain), a British fast food chain Pure Insurance, Privilege Underwriters Reciprocal Exchange Pure Trading, a Canadian electronic communication network operated by CNQ Pure Digital, a UK consumer electronics company specialising in DAB radios Pure Oil, a U.S. chain of gas stations Propulsion Universelle et Récuperation d'Énergie (PURE), a motorsport engineering company Pure FM (Portsmouth), a university radio station...

Small may refer to: Science and technology SMALL, an ALGOL-like programming language Small (anatomy), the lumbar region of the back Small (journal), a nano-science publication <small>, an HTML element that defines smaller textArts and entertainment Fictional characters Small, in the British children's show Big & SmallOther uses Small, of little size Small (surname) "Small", a song from the album The Cosmos Rocks by Queen + Paul RodgersSee also Smal (disambiguation) List of people known as the Small Smalls (disambiguation)

In logic, syntax is anything having to do with formal languages or formal systems without regard to any interpretation or meaning given to them. Syntax is concerned with the rules used for constructing, or transforming the symbols and words of a language, as contrasted with the semantics of a language which is concerned with its meaning. The symbols, formulas, systems, theorems, proofs, and interpretations expressed in formal languages are syntactic entities whose properties may be studied without regard to any meaning they may be given, and, in fact, need not be given any. Syntax is usually associated with the rules (or grammar) governing the composition of texts in a formal language that constitute the well-formed formulas of a formal system. In computer science, the term syntax refers to the rules governing the composition of well-formed expressions in a programming language. As in mathematical logic, it is independent of semantics and interpretation. Syntactic entities Symbols A symbol is an idea, abstraction or concept, tokens of which may be marks or...

In computer science and logic, a dependent type is a type whose definition depends on a value. It is an overlapping feature of type theory and type systems. In intuitionistic type theory, dependent types are used to encode logic's quantifiers like "for all" and "there exists". In functional programming languages like Agda, ATS, Coq, F*, Epigram, and Idris, dependent types help reduce bugs by enabling the programmer to assign types that further restrain the set of possible implementations. Two common examples of dependent types are dependent functions and dependent pairs. The return type of a dependent function may depend on the value (not just type) of one of its arguments. For instance, a function that takes a positive integer n {\displaystyle n} may return an array of length ...

Final, Finals or The Final may refer to: Final (competition), the last or championship round of a sporting competition, match, game, or other contest which decides a winner for an event Another term for playoffs, describing a sequence of contests taking place after a regular season or round-robin tournament, culminating in a final by the first definition. final (Java), a keyword in the Java programming language Final case, a grammatical case Final examination or finals, a test given at the end of a course of study or training Part of a syllable Final, a tone of the Gregorian modeArt and entertainment Final (film), a science fiction film The Final (film), a thriller film Finals (film), a 2019 Malayalam sports drama film Final (band), an English electronic musical group Final (Vol. 1), album by Enrique Iglesias The Final (album), by Wham! "The Final", a song by Dir en grey on the album Withering to Death Finals...

Alice may refer to: Alice (name), most often a feminine given name, but also used as a surname Literature Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland), a character in books by Lewis Carroll Alice series, children's and teen books by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor Alice (Hermann book), a 2009 short story collection by Judith HermannComputers Alice (computer chip), a graphics engine chip in the Amiga computer in 1992 Alice (programming language), a functional programming language designed by the Programming Systems Lab at Saarland University Alice (software), an object-oriented programming language and IDE developed at Carnegie Mellon Alice mobile robot Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity, an open-source chatterbot Matra Alice, a home micro-computer marketed in France Alice, a brand name used by Telecom Italia for internet and telephone servicesVideo games Alice: An Interactive Museum, a 1991 adventure...